Bajo fuerte presión de los mercados y de la opinión pública, el gobierno laborista británico intentó este miércoles disipar los temores sobre las finanzas públicas presentando en el Parlamento un presupuesto con subidas de impuestos y medidas en favor del poder adquisitivo.Bajo fuerte presión de los mercados y de la opinión pública, el gobierno laborista británico intentó este miércoles disipar los temores sobre las finanzas públicas presentando en el Parlamento un presupuesto con subidas de impuestos y medidas en favor del poder adquisitivo.

El gobierno británico anuncia subidas de impuestos para tranquilizar a los mercados

2025/11/26 22:53
3 min read
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Bajo fuerte presión de los mercados y de la opinión pública, el gobierno laborista británico intentó este miércoles disipar los temores sobre las finanzas públicas presentando en el Parlamento un presupuesto con subidas de impuestos y medidas en favor del poder adquisitivo.

"Mi elección es un presupuesto para una fiscalidad justa, unos servicios públicos sólidos y una economía estable", declaró la ministra de Finanzas, Rachel Reeves, encargada de presentar el plan gubernamental ante los diputados.

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Para cumplir su promesa de financiar a largo plazo cada gasto (excepto inversión) con ingresos, la ministra anunció subidas de impuestos que recaudarán 26,100 millones de libras (32,625 millones de dólares) al presupuesto anual de aquí al final de la legislatura (en 2029) y 29,800 millones de libras (37,250 millones de dólares) el año siguiente, en 2030/2031.

Reeves renunció a aumentar el impuesto sobre la renta, lo que habría supuesto romper con una importante promesa de campaña de los laboristas, optando por una maniobra más sutil, el congelamiento de los umbrales de este impuesto.

Esta medida, que puede calificarse como un impuesto encubierto, hace que paguen más quienes ven aumentar su salario y pasan a un tramo superior. La medida recaudaría 12,700 millones de libras (15,875 millones de dólares) en 2030/2031.

También se anunciaron aumentos de impuestos sobre las propiedades más lujosas, los juegos de azar y las pensiones privadas.

Crecimiento estancado

Reeves no tenía otra opción que imponer estos impuestos, atada de pies y manos por una economía que sigue débil desde el regreso al poder de los laboristas en julio de 2024.

El crecimiento se estancó (+0.1% en el tercer trimestre), mientras que el déficit (alrededor del 5% del PIB el año pasado) y la deuda preocupan a los mercados.

En el nivel más bajo en las encuestas y superado por el partido de extrema derecha de Nigel Farage, Reform UK, el ejecutivo del primer ministro, Keir Starmer, se juega mucho políticamente con este esperado anuncio.

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El miércoles, Reeves volvió a culpar a las "decisiones perjudiciales" de los conservadores, en el poder durante 14 años, pero también al "legado del Brexit y de la pandemia".

Pero su presupuesto del año pasado también fue muy criticado.

A pesar de 40,000 millones de libras (50,000 millones de dólares) en subidas de impuestos muy impopulares, de los cuales 25,000 millones (31,250 millones de dólares) fueron especialmente cuestionados por las empresas, y de decenas de miles de millones en inversiones, no logró ni recuperar el camino del equilibrio presupuestario ni fomentar el crecimiento.

"Dije que reduciría el coste de la vida, y lo decía en serio. Este presupuesto permitirá reducir la inflación y brindar un alivio inmediato a las familias", prometió la ministra, que presentó una serie de medidas a favor del poder adquisitivo.

La eliminación de un tope en las prestaciones familiares, que se estima costará 3,000 millones de libras (3,750 millones de dólares) para 2029/2030, es la más importante.

También se anunció un aumento superior a la inflación de las pensiones de jubilación y del salario mínimo.

Otras medidas son más simbólicas que determinantes, como el congelamiento de las tarifas ferroviarias.

Todas señales sociales indispensables en un presupuesto laborista, en un país con inflación persistente (+3.6 % en octubre), donde el gas y la electricidad son costosos.

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