Vitalik: There are still three aspects of the sharding technology in Fusaka that need improvement.

PANews reported on December 4th that Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated that PeerDAS in Fusaka is significant because it is essentially a sharding technology. This technology allows Ethereum to reach block consensus without requiring individual nodes to examine extremely small portions of data, and thanks to client-side probabilistic verification, it effectively resists 51% attacks, rather than relying on validator voting. Sharding technology has been a pursuit of Ethereum since 2015, and data availability sampling became a goal in 2017, which has now been achieved. However, the sharding technology in Fusaka still has three areas for improvement: First, the L2 network can handle O(c²) transactions (where c is the node's computing power), but the L1 network cannot. For L1 to benefit from scaling, a mature zero-knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machine (ZK - EVMs) is needed; second, there is a proposer/builder bottleneck, as current builders need to obtain all data to construct the entire block, and distributed block construction urgently needs to be implemented; third, there is no sharded mempool yet, which is currently required. Even so, this is still a significant advancement in blockchain design. Over the next two years, the team will have time to refine the PeerDAS mechanism, cautiously expanding its scale while ensuring stability. It will be used to expand the L2 network, and then used for gas expansion in the L1 network after ZK-EVMs matures.

Previous reports indicated that the Ethereum mainnet successfully activated the Fusaka upgrade, significantly enhancing data processing capabilities .